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Professor Robert Bartlett explores the impact of the Normans on southern Europe and the Middle East. The Normans spread south in the 11th century, winning control of southern Italy and the island of Sicily. There they created their most prosperous kingdom, where Christianity and Islam co-existed in relative harmony and mutual tolerance. It became a great centre of medieval culture and learning. But events in the Middle East provoked the more aggressive side of the Norman character. In 1095, the Normans enthusiastically answered the Pope's call for holy war against Islam and joined the first crusade. They lay siege to Jerusalem and eventually helped win back the holy city from the muslims. This bloody conquest left a deep rift between Christianity and Islam which is still being felt to this day.

The Allies plan for years how to break through Hitler’s Atlantic Wall in France. The deception operations are some of the most elaborate of the war, including a huge inflatable army in Kent. The D-Day fleet is the biggest assembled in history, with over 160,000 men crossing the channel to land on five Normandy beaches, each with differing success. But landing is just the beginning, what follows is one of the bloodiest and most extraordinary battles of WWII.

As World War II drags on into another bitter winter the Allies become desperate to end the conflict. Winston Churchill turns to his formidable bomber force to break the deadlock.
The population of an eastern German city is caught in a devastating firestorm and harnessed by the Nazis; the controversy turns the Allies on themselves.

In episodes 13 and 14, the war reaches a decisive new stage as the Allies prepare to launch Operation Overlord and open the long-awaited second front in Nazi-occupied France. Behind the invasion of Normandy lies an enormous gamble of planning, deception, weather, timing and nerve, with Dwight D. Eisenhower carrying the weight of one of the most dangerous military decisions in history. From the beaches of D-Day to the struggle to break through Hitler’s Atlantic Wall, the episode captures the fear, scale and sacrifice of the operation that begins the liberation of Western Europe.
The story then moves to World War II’s often overlooked Asian theater, where Allied forces and Japan fight across jungles, mountains, plains and impossible supply routes. In Burma, India and China, commanders such as Joseph Stilwell, William Slim and Lord Mountbatten face a brutal war of disease, exhaustion, monsoon terrain and relentless Japanese resistance. From the Burma Road and the deadly airlift over the Hump to the fighting at Myitkyina, Imphal and Saipan, these episodes reveal a vast and punishing conflict far from Europe’s headlines, where survival itself becomes a battle and victory demands endurance on a staggering scale.

In episodes 15 and 16, the war begins to close in on the Axis powers not only across battlefields, but inside the societies that created it. Germany and Japan face the turning tide in radically different ways: Hitler’s regime tries to preserve the illusion of normal life while driving production through propaganda, forced labor and terror, while Japan demands sacrifice, austerity and total obedience from its people as American submarines cut the lifelines of empire. As bombing raids, shortages and fear shatter the home front, the documentary reveals how nations built on conquest begin to feel the terrible cost of the war they unleashed.
The story then moves into one of the most powerful chapters of resistance in occupied Europe. As Allied armies advance from Normandy and Soviet forces push from the east, ordinary people and underground fighters rise against Nazi rule in France, Poland and even inside the machinery of extermination itself. From coded BBC messages and the liberation of Paris to the doomed Warsaw Uprising and the desperate courage of prisoners documenting the horrors of Auschwitz, these episodes show war at its most human and devastating: A struggle not only between armies, but between tyranny and the refusal to be erased.